01 - Preheat oven to 350°F. Grease a 9x13-inch baking dish with butter or nonstick spray.
02 - Scatter half of the cubed croissants evenly across the bottom of the prepared baking dish.
03 - In a medium bowl, beat softened cream cheese and granulated sugar together until smooth and creamy. Add eggs, whole milk, vanilla extract, and lemon zest, mixing until fully combined and no lumps remain.
04 - Place blueberries in a small bowl and toss with all-purpose flour to coat evenly, which prevents them from sinking during baking. This step is especially important when using frozen berries.
05 - Sprinkle half of the flour-coated blueberries over the first layer of croissants. Pour half of the cream cheese custard mixture evenly over the croissants and berries. Layer the remaining croissant cubes on top, followed by the remaining blueberries. Pour the rest of the custard mixture over everything, pressing down gently so the croissants absorb the liquid.
06 - Allow the assembled casserole to rest for 10 minutes at room temperature so the croissants fully soak up the custard. Alternatively, cover tightly and refrigerate overnight for a make-ahead preparation.
07 - Bake on the center rack for 35 to 40 minutes, until the custard is set, the top is golden brown, and a knife inserted in the center comes out clean.
08 - Remove from the oven and let cool for 10 minutes. Dust generously with powdered sugar through a sieve. Serve warm with maple syrup or whipped cream on the side if desired.